What is the difference between the soul and the Spirit in Islam? And what is the difference between the Spirit and an Angel? Is Gabriel an Angel?

What is the difference between the soul and the Spirit in Islam? And what is the difference between the Spirit and an Angel? Is Gabriel an Angel?

4:110 And whoever does evil or wrongs his soul (nafsahu) then seeks forgiveness of Allah he will find Allah Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. … 4:171 O People of the Book, do not commit excess in your religion and do not say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a spirit (waruhun) from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"; desist - it is better for you. Indeed, Allah is but one God. Glory be to Him, that He (should) have a son for Him. To Him whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs.

(It is said that “nafs” (soul) refers to the soul when it is in a body; so, that is the union of the body and the spirit (“ruh”). While “ruh” (spirit) refers to the soul when it is outside the body, or has no body)(Allah knows best)

91:7 And (the) soul (wanafsin) and (He) Who proportioned it (sawwaha),

(Verse 91:7 confirms that the soul has a body)(Allah knows best)

38:72 So when I have proportioned him (sawwaytuhu) and breathed into him of My spirit (ruhi), then fall down to him prostrating."

(Verses 38:72 and 32:9 confirm that the spirit was breathed into the body, so the spirit was not inside before)(In addition, the root of “Spirit” is “Ra-Waw-Ha”, and it also implies “wind (raha)”, “breath which a man breathes and pervades his whole body (ruhun), etc.”)(Allah knows best)

32:9 Then He fashioned him (sawwahu) and breathed into him from His spirit (ruhihi) and made for you hearing and sight and feelings; little thanks you give.

17:85 And they ask you concerning the soul (l-ruhi). Say, "The soul (l-ruhu) is of the affair of my Lord. And you have not been given of knowledge except a little."

19:17 Then she took a screen from them. Then We sent to her Our Spirit (ruhana), then he appeared to her in the likeness (fatamathala) of a well-proportioned (sawiyyan) man. … 19:19 He said, "I am only a Messenger from your Lord, that I may bestow on you a pure son."

(According to Verse 17:85, humans have been given little knowledge about the spirit. Note: “ruh” is translated as “soul” in this Verse, but “ruh” should be translated as “spirit”)(Verse 19:17 confirms that sentences like “Our Spirit” or “My spirit” do not imply that the spirit is God, as Christians say, but the spirit is “only a Messenger” from God (19:19))(And Verse 19:17 confirms that a spirit can appear in the likeness of a man. The root of “tamathala” (likeness) is “Miim-Tha-Lam”, and it means “affect to be like or to imitate a thing, to resemble, be of likeness or equivalent, etc.”. So, once it has the shape of a man, it is equivalent or resembles a man, but it was not so before)(Adam is not God. God breathed into him from His spirit (e.g. inspiration), and the angels prostrated him because they were commanded to do so, and because Adam was created with His Hands (38:75))(Allah knows best)

2:87 And indeed We gave Moses the Book and We followed him up with Messengers. And We gave Jesus, (the) son of Mary, clear signs and supported him with the Holy Spirit (biruhi l-qudusi). Is it not so, that whenever there came to you a Messenger with what yourselves did not desire, you acted arrogantly? So a party you denied and another party you killed.

(Verse 2:87 may clarify that Verse 4:171 does not say that Jesus is the spirit itself, but the spirit supported Jesus. Verse 4:171 says, “The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a spirit (waruhun) from Him”. It is interpreted that this Verse says that both, Jesus and the spirit, were Messengers)(Allah knows best)

16:101 And when We substitute a Verse in place of a Verse, and Allah is most knowing of what He sends down they say, "You are only an inventor." Nay, most of them do not know. 16:102 Say, "The Holy Spirit (ruhu l-qudusi) has brought it down from your Lord in truth, to make firm those who believe and as guidance and glad tidings to the Muslims."

(The Spirit is a Messenger from God, and the Spirit brought the Qur’an down)(Allah knows best)

26:192 And indeed, it is surely a Revelation of the Lord of the worlds. 26:193 The Spirit [the] Trustworthy has brought it down,

(Verses 16:102 and 26:193 prove that “the Spirit” and “the Holy Spirit” are the same)(Allah knows best)

70:4 The Angels (l-malaikatu) and the Spirit (wal-ruhu) ascend to Him in a Day, its measure is fifty thousand years.

(In regard to the differences between the Angels and the Spirit. Verse 70:4 suggests that the spirit is different from the angels, but notice that the measure of fifty thousand years is the same for both, Angels and the Spirit. It might indicate that both reach the speed of light. Angels are made of light, so they may reach the speed of light. See the article below “Did the Qur’an predict the speed of light?”)(Allah knows best)

3:42 And when the Angels said, "O Mary, indeed Allah has chosen you and purified you and chosen you above the women of the worlds. … 3:44 That is from the news of the unseen - We reveal it to you. And you were not with them when they cast their pens as to which of them takes charge of Mary; nor were you with them when they were disputing.

(According to Verse 3:44, one Angel had to take charge of Mary, and according to Verse 19:17, the Spirit appeared to her. So, the Verse might suggest that he might be an Angel. In addition, the Spirit supports (2:87), while the Angel “takes charge” (3:44), though the two words have a different root: The root of “support” is “Alif-Ya-Dal”, and it means “to support/strengthen/confirm”, while the root of “take charge” is “Kaf-Fa-Lam”, and it means “to take care of, nourish, be guardian of, be responsible for, entrust, stand security or surety”)(It is said that the spirit has not human body. The Angels may not have human body either, unless they are made so (6:9))(Allah knows best)

6:8 And they said, "Why has not an Angel been sent down to him?" And if We had sent down an Angel, surely the matter would have been decided; then no respite would have been granted to them. 6:9 And if We had made him an Angel, certainly We would have made him a man, and certainly We would have obscured them with that in which they are obscuring (themselves).

(Verse 19:17 says, “Then We sent to her Our Spirit, then he appeared to her in the likeness of a well-proportioned man”. Likewise, Verse 6:8 is in the context of an Angel, who, if he had been sent down, he would also be made a man)(Allah knows best)

16:2 He sends down the Angels (l-malaikata) with the inspiration (bil-ruhi) of His Command, upon whom He wills of His slaves, that "Warn that there is no god except Me, so fear Me."

(The Angels are sent down. The spirit (16:102) who revealed to Muhammad (53:8) came down (53:8), and descended (53:13) too)(The root of the word “malaikata” (Angels) is “Miim-Lam-Kaf”, and it means “to rule/command/reign, be capable, to control, etc”. So, Angels do what they are commanded (16:50))(The word “ruhi” means both “inspiration” and “spirit”)(Notice that Verse 16:2 uses the word “ruhi” (inspiration / Spirit), in regard to Angels, but the Verse does not say that the Angels are the spirit, but says “with the spirit/inspiration”)(There are Angels doing different duties, for example, there are Angels of Hell (96:18), Angel of death (32:11), Angels keepers of Fire (74:31), Angels Messengers (22:75))(The Spirit is a Messenger, and Angels can also be Messengers, and there are Angels “with” spirit/inspiration. Would the Angel with the spirit be the Spirit Itself? But, the Qur’an does not explicitly say that Gabriel is an Angel, though implicitly might suggest so. The Bible confirms that Gabriel is an Angel (Luke 1:19, Luke 1:26). Even Hebrews 1:7 confirms that “He makes his angels spirits”; though the Bible is not a reliable source)(The root of the word “ruhi” (inspiration) is “Ra-Waw-Ha”, and it means “Raha – active, agile, or quick. Ruhun – Soul, spirit, vital principle. Inspiration or divine revelation. Ruuhun (n.) - revelation, spirit, soul, human soul, Gabriel, angel of revelation, etc.”)(Allah knows best)

2:97 Say, "Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel (lijib’rila) - then indeed he brought it down upon your heart by the permission of Allah, confirming what (was) before it and a guidance and glad tidings for the believers."

(According to Verse 16:102, the Spirit brought the Qur’an down. Verse 2:97 confirms the Spirit who brought the Qur’an down is Gabriel)(In addition, “jbryl” (Gabriel) in Arabic has the same numerical value of the word “Al-Ruh” (The Spirit), both being 245. So, it confirms that the Spirit is Gabriel too: “jbryl/Gabriel” is 3(Jiim) + 2(Ba) + 200(Ra) + 10(Ya) + 30(Lam) = 245. While “Al-Ruh/The Spirit” is 1(Alif) + 30(Lam) + 200(Ra) + 6(Waw) + 8(Ha) = 245)(See the link below, “Abjad Numerals / Numerical Values of the Arabic alphabet”)(Allah knows best)

2:98 Whoever is an enemy to Allah and His Angels and His Messengers and Gabriel and Michael - then indeed, Allah is an enemy to the disbelievers.

(Notice that there is a distinction between Angels, Messengers and Gabriel (and Michael) in Verse 2:98, while there are Angels who are Messengers, and also Gabriel/The Spirit is a Messenger (19:17-19))(“Messengers” can also include human Messengers, not only Angels and Gabriel; and “Angels” could also include the Angels who are not Messengers, not only Gabriel and Angel Messengers)(Despite the Verse makes that distinction, it does not necessarily imply that Gabriel does not belong to those two groups: Angels and Messengers)(Allah knows best)

22:75 Allah chooses Messengers from the Angels, and from mankind. Indeed, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.

35:1 All praises be to Allah, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Who makes the Angels messengers having wings - two or three or four. He increases in the creation what He wills. Indeed, Allah is on everything All-Powerful.

42:51 And it is not for any human that Allah should speak to him except by revelation or from behind a veil or (by) sending a messenger then he reveals, by His permission, what He wills. Indeed, He is Most High, the Most Wise.

41:30 Indeed, those who say, "Our Lord is Allah," then stand firm – the Angels will descend on them, "Do not fear, and do not grieve but receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you were promised.

97:4 Therein descend the Angels and the Spirit, by the permission of their Lord, for every affair,

(The Angels descend for every affair, and the Spirit descend for every affair as well. So, despite there is a distinction between Angels and the Spirit, the Verse also suggests that they might be into the same matter)(An interpretation by M. Nader, according to his article, “The Holy Spirit in the Quran”, is that, in regard to this Verse, “In the Arabic language it is not unusual to specify part of a whole group to emphasize the significance of that part”. In that sense, Verse 2:98 not only makes distinction between Angels and Gabriel, but also between Messengers and Gabriel, while the Qur’an confirms that the Spirit is Gabriel (2:97), and the Spirit is a Messenger (19:17-19, 4:171))(Another example, Verse 55:68 says “In both of them (are) fruits and date-palms and pomegranates”. It is interpreted that date-palms and pomegranates are mentioned, to emphasize these two kinds of fruits. So, the Verse does not say that date-palms and pomegranates are not fruits, by saying “fruits and date-palms and pomegranates”)(The word “wa” (and) in Arabic does not make two words to be mutually exclusive (e.g. the sentence “Messengers and Gabriel” does not exclude Gabriel from being a Messenger), and other Verses confirm that Gabriel is a Messenger, so the Verses of the Qur’an complement each other)(Allah knows best)

78:38 (The) Day the Spirit and the Angels will stand (in) rows, they will not speak except (he to) who(m) the Most Gracious permits [for] him, and he (will) say (what is) correct.

(The Verse suggests that the Spirit and the Angels are placed together)(Allah knows best)

19:64 And we do not descend except by the Command of your Lord. To Him (belongs) what is before us and what is behind us, and what is between that. And your Lord is not forgetful

58:21 Allah has decreed, "Surely, I will overcome, I and My Messengers." Indeed, Allah (is) All-Strong, All-Mighty. 58:22 You will not find a people who believe in Allah and the Last Day loving those who oppose Allah and His Messenger even if they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred. Those - He has decreed faith in their hearts and supported them with a spirit from Him. And He will admit them to Gardens underneath which rivers flow, they will abide in it forever. Allah is pleased with them, and they are pleased with Him. They are the party of Allah. No doubt, indeed, the party of Allah, they are the successful ones.

See also: Did the Qur’an predict the speed of light?

https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2017/03/did-quran-predict-speed-of-light.html

See also: Abjad Numerals / Numerical Values of the Arabic alphabet

https://qdvbp.blogspot.com/2018/10/abjad-numerals-numerical-values-of.html

See also: Is the doctrine of the trinity correct?

http://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2016/02/is-doctrine-of-trinity-right.html

See also: What is the difference between Jinn, Satan and Iblis?

https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2016/09/in-which-surah-chapter-of-quran-do-you.html

See also: Is there any difference between a Messenger and a Prophet?

https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2016/09/is-there-any-difference-between.html