Are bones formed before flesh?

Are bones formed before flesh?

23:14 Then (thumma) We created the drop into a clinging substance, then (fa) We created the clinging substance into an embryonic lump, then (fa) We created the embryonic lump (into) bones, then (fa) We clothed the bones with flesh; then (thumma) We produce it as another creation. So (fa) blessed is Allah, the Best of Creators.

(Some non-Muslims object that the muscle (flesh) and cartilage (bones) begin to form at the same time or simultaneously)(An answer to that is that Verse 23:14 does not say when the muscles/flesh were created or which was created first, but it says that the bones were created or formed. So, when the bones were created / formed then the flesh clothes / is attached to the bones. In other words, the sentence doesn’t say “the flesh was created or formed”, because the sentence only mentions the “formation” of the bones, so it can never be interpreted as a chronology between the “creation” of flesh and the bones, but it tells about the moment they are joined)(The Verse refers to the formation of the bones and, as a result of this formation (“fa / then”), the bones are clothed with flesh. A muscle cannot become “attached”/clothe the bone unless the bone was formed; so one action depends on the other. Another point is that only the skeletal muscles are the muscles attached to bones by tendons, not “any muscle”; and for that purpose, first, there must be bones)(The Verse uses the word “fa” (then) which is sequential, causal, resultive, adversative and explanatory; so “fa” is not just chronological, but it implies that the formation of the bones results in / causes the bones to be clothed with flesh. Notice that the sentence uses the word “fa” which also shows that the second event happens immediately “after” and/or “as a result” of the first event, while “thumma” only indicates order, but doesn’t specify the timing between the two events, nor that one is a consequence of the other. So the “flesh’s attachment” is a consequence of the formation of the bones. In conclusion, the “formation” of the flesh is not specified in the Verse as a consequence of the formation of the bones, because such “formation” of the flesh, or its timing, is not even mentioned in the Verse)(Allah knows best)

23:15 Then indeed, after that, you (will) surely die.

(Nevertheless, according to the book titled “Developmental approach to human evolution”, by professor Julia Boghner (Department of Anatomy and cell biology, University of Sakatchewan) and professor Campbell Rolian (Department of Comperative Biology and Experimental Medicine, University of Calgary), they stated, in pages 122-123, that “Cells in respective stylopod, zeugopod, and autopod compartments coalesce to form separate pre-chondrogenic mesenchymal condensations. These condensations are shaped via joint development, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis to produce the many separate skeletal elements of the limb, although how this occurs is only poorly understood. At the same time, muscle and tendon cells begin to migrate into compartments of the limb to form its muscles”. The professors also stated that the limb muscle progenitor cell don’t have any information about position. The first tissue cell that subsequently condensed to form bone provides positional information for soft tissue formation. (Note: “Chondrogenesis” refers to the cartilage or pre-bone, and “osteogenesis” refers to the bone). The skeletal elements of the limb are produced at the same time than the “migration” of muscle and tendon cells, into compartments of the limb to form its muscles)(So, the bones are produced before these bones are clothed with fresh, because the muscle and tendon cells are just “migrating”, as a consequence of the bones being “produced”)(Allah knows best)

56:47 And they used to say, "When we die and become dust and bones, will we surely be resurrected?

(Some non-Muslims also object that the Qur’an says “bones”, not “cartilage”; but the root of “bones” is “Ayn-Za-Miim”, and it means “great, important, big; Azm / izam – great / hard / strong. The concrete word is Azm and that is the bones or the hand / strong / firm core of things.”. So, the root of the word does not necessarily say that it means bones or cartilage, but depends on the context)(The cartilage, despite is less hard and rigid as a bone, but it is much stiffer and much less flexible than the muscle (source: the article “cartilage” in wikipedia), in conclusion, the use of the word “Azm” is appropriate, and the Qur’an is scientifically correct)(Allah knows best)

See also: Is the Qur'an scientifically correct? (2) (Biology)

http://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2016/04/is-quran-scientifically-correct-2.html

See also: Is the Qur'an scientifically correct? (0) (Index)

https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2017/04/is-quran-scientifically-correct-2.html

See also: Thumma, Wa, and Fa / Chronology in the Qur’an

https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2017/12/thumma-wa-and-fa-chronology-in-quran.html