Mathematical error in hereditary laws?

Mathematical error in hereditary laws?

4:11 Allah instructs you concerning your children - for the male a portion equal to that of two females. But if there are women, more than two, then for them two thirds of what he left. And if there is one, then for her is half. And for his parents, to each one of them is a sixth of what is left, if he has a child. But if he does not have a child and his parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one third. And if he has brothers and sisters, then for his mother is a sixth after any will he has made or any debt. Your parents and your children – you do not know which of them are nearer to you in benefit. An obligation from Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

(Some non-Muslims wrongly invented and made the assumption that all heirs’ portions should always be “100%”, without increasing or reducing proportionally, while, for example, if someone is to have 50%, but there are no other heirs, whom you give the other half to? 50% is only to be considered if there were other heirs; so if there are no other heirs, it is obvious that he is to have his 50% increased to 100%. And vice versa, if the heirs exceed 100%, each heir’s portion is to be proportionally reduced, in order to be 100%, because there are other heirs; if it is obvious increasing someone’s portion, then it is also obvious that it must be proportionally reduced)(So, there are no mathematical errors in hereditary laws in the Qur’an)(See some examples below)(Allah knows best)

Concerning the children:

“For the male a portion equal to that of two females”:

(E.g. considering 1 son and 2 daughters: 1 son 50%(1/2) + 1 daughter 25%(1/4) + 1 daughter 25%(1/4) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering 2 sons and 2 daughters: 1 son 33.34%(1/3) + 1 son 33.34%(1/3) + 1 daughter 16.66%(1/6) + 1 daughter 16.66%(1/6) = 100%. So, each son has the portion equal to that of two females)(Allah knows best)

“But if there are women, more than two, then for them two thirds of what he left”:

(E.g. considering 3 daughters, and that there are no other heirs, the portions are increased proportionally: 1 daughter 33.33%(1/3) + 1 daughter 33.33%(1/3)+ 1 daughter 33.33%(1/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering the father, the daughters get the prescribed portions, and the father gets the remaining portion: 3 daughters 66.67%(2/3) + father 33.33%(1/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“And if there is one, then for her is half”:

(E.g. considering there are no other heirs. The share is increased proportionally: 1 daughter 100%(1) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering the father, the father gets the remaining portion: 1 daughter 50%(1/2) + father 50%(1/2) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“And for his parents, to each one of them is a sixth of what is left, if he has a child”:

(In this case, the son gets the remaining portion: father 16.67%(1/6) + mother 16.67%(1/6) + son 66.67%(2/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering there is a son and daughter, the father and mother get the prescribed portions, and the son and daughter the remaining one in the ratio of 2:1: father 16.67%(1/6) + mother 16.67%(1/6) + son 44.44%(4/9) + daughter 22.22%(2/9) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“But if he does not have a child and his parents inherit from him, then for his mother is one third”:

(The father gets the remaining portion: mother 33.33%(1/3) + father 66.67%(2/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“And if he has brothers and sisters, then for his mother is a sixth”:

(Mother 16.67%(1/6) + father 83.33%(5/6) = 100%)(The father is not mentioned in the sentence. In this example, the father blocks brothers and sisters from receiving any portion. If there were a son, he would also block brothers and sisters from receiving any portion)(Allah knows best)

(Considering full/paternal siblings, the ratio is 2:1: mother 16.67%(1/6) + full/paternal brother 55.56%(5/9) + full/paternal sister 27.78%(5/18) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(An interpretation of Verse 4:12 is that the maternal siblings get 1/6 (same portion than the mother 1/6), if there are no other heirs, their portion increase proportionally: mother 33.33%(1/3) + maternal brother 33.33%(1/3) + maternal sister 33.33%(1/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering a paternal brother and maternal sister, the remaining portion is for the paternal brother: mother 16.67%(1/6) + paternal brother 66.67%(2/3) + maternal sister 16.67%(1/6) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

4:12 And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child. But if they have a child, then for you is a fourth of what they leave, after any will they have made and of any debt. And for them is fourth of what you leave, if have no child. But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave after any will you have made and of any debt. And if a man or woman whose wealth is to be inherited has no parent or child but has a brother or sister, then for each one of them is a sixth. But if they are more than that, then they share a third after any will that may have been made and of any debt without being harmful. An ordinance from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Forbearing.

A wive whose wealth is to be inherited:

“And for you is half of what your wives leave if they have no child”:

(E.g. considering there are no other heirs, the portion increase proportionally: husband 100%(1) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering husband and parents: husband 50%(1/2) + mother 16.67%(1/6) + father 33.33%(1/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“But if they have a child, then for you is a fourth of what they leave”:

(In this example, husband, father and mother get the prescribed portion. The remaining portion is for the son and daughter in the ratio of 2:1: husband 25%(1/4) + father 16.66%(1/6) + mother 16.66%(1/6) + son 27.78%(5/18) + daughter 13.89%(5/36) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

A husband whose wealth is to be inherited:

“And for them is fourth of what you leave, if have no child”:

(E.g. considering two wives and that there are no other heirs. Their portions increase proportionally: 1 wife 50%(1/2) + 1 wife 50%(1/2) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering the parents, the remaining portion is for the parents. The mother gets 1/3, according to Verse 4:11, and her portion in this case is decreased to 1/4, according to relative priority: wife 25%(1/4) + father 50%(1/2) + mother 25%(1/4) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“But if you leave a child, then for them is an eighth of what you leave”:

(In this example, wife, father and mother get the prescribed portions. The son and daughter get the remaining portion in the ratio of 2:1: wife 12.5%(1/8) + father 16.67%(1/6) + mother 16.67%(1/6) + son 36.11%(13/36) + daughter 18.06%(13/72) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(In this example, the wife(1/8), 3 daughters(2/3) and parents(1/6) get the prescribed portion. They exceed 100%, then the portions are reduced proportionally: wife 11.11%(1/9) + father 14.81%(4/27) + mother 14.81%(4/27) +3 daughters 59.26%(16/27) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

Concerning brothers and sisters (if no parents or child):

“And if a man or woman whose wealth is to be inherited has no parent or child but has a brother or sister, then for each one of them is a sixth”:

(E.g. in case there is a wife and maternal siblings. 1/6 is for the siblings and it is increased proportionally. This Verse is interpreted to be about maternal siblings, while the siblings mentioned in Verse 4:176 are interpreted to be the full/paternal ones: wife 25%(1/4) + maternal brother 37.5%(3/8) + maternal sister 37.5%(3/8) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(E.g. considering a maternal brother and sister, and one paternal brother: maternal brother 16.67%(1/6) + maternal sister 16.67%(1/6) + paternal brother 66.67%(2/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(Note: This sentence of the Verse is implicitly saying that if there are parents or child, they block brothers and sisters from receiving any portion)(Allah knows best)

“But if they are more than that, then they share a third”:

(E.g. 4 maternal brothers 33.33%(1/3) + 1 paternal brother 66.67%(2/3) =100%)(Allah knows best)

4:176 They seek your ruling. Say, "Allah gives you a ruling concerning kalala (one having no descendants or ascendants as heirs).” If a man died, having no child but a sister, then for her is half of what he left. And he will inherit from her if she has no child. But if there were two females, then for them two thirds of what he left. But if there are brothers and sisters, men and women, then the male will have the share of two females. Allah makes clear to you lest you go astray. And Allah is All-Knower of everything.

Concerning man or woman having no descendants or ascendants as heirs:

“Then for her is half of what he left”:

(Paternal sister 50%(1/2) + husband 50%(1/2) = 100%)(This Verse is interpreted to be about full/paternal siblings, while the siblings mentioned in Verse 4:12 are interpreted to be the maternal ones)(Allah knows best)

“And he will inherit from her if she has no child”:

(Full/Paternal brother 100%(1) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(In this example, the maternal sibling gets the prescribed portion 1/6, up to 1/3 if more than one maternal sibling. The remaining portion is for the paternal brother: paternal brother 83.33%(5/6) + maternal brother 16.67%(1/6) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“But if there were two females, then for them two thirds of what he left”:

(E.g. if there are no other heirs: 1 paternal sister 50%(1/2) + 1 paternal sister 50%(1/2) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

(2 paternal sister 66.67%(2/3) + 2 maternal sisters 33.33%(1/3) = 100%)(Allah knows best)

“But if there are brothers and sisters, men and women, then the male will have the share of two females”:

(Sister 25%(1/4) + sister 25%(1/4) + brother 50%(1/2) = 100%)(Conclusion: there are no mathematical errors in hereditary laws, in the Qur’an)(Allah knows best)

Inheritance calculator: http://www.inheritancecalculator.net/

See also: The Qur’an and Mathematics (Index)

http://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/the-new-revelation-confirms-old-or.html

See also: Is the Qur'an scientifically correct? (0) (Index)

https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2017/04/is-quran-scientifically-correct-2.html

See also: Is there any contradiction in the Qur'an? (0) (Index) https://aqtthq.blogspot.com.es/2017/03/refutation-of-so-called-internal.html